Our qualifications as an ISO 9001:2000 company has given us great confidence in our quality system to ensure quality products are manufactured on a consistent basis.

FLUID FLOW

Since PARSETHYLENE KISH pipe has an extremely smooth surface, the coefficient of friction is very low. This results in a minimal loss of head pressure due to frictional losses. Combined with the superior corrosion and abrasion resistant properties of the material, excellent flow properties are maintained throughout the life of the pipe.
For pressurized systems, a Hazen-Williams "C" factor of 150 is used and for gravity flow systems, a conservative "n" value of 0.010 is generally used.

CHEMICAL RESISTANCE

Polyethylene will not rust, rot, pit or corrode as a result of chemical, electrolytic or galvanic action. Chemicals that pose potentially serious problems for polyethylene are strong oxidizing agents or certain hydrocarbons. These chemicals may reduce the pressure rating for the pipe or be unsuitable for transport. Either can be a function of service temperature or chemical concentration.
Continuous exposure to hydrocarbons can lead to permeation through the material or elastomeric gaskets used at joints. The degree of permeation is a function of pressure, temperature, the nature of the hydrocarbons and the polymer structure of the piping material. The chemical environment may also be of concern where the purity of the fluid within the pipe must be maintained. Hydrocarbon permeation may affect pressure ratings and hinder future connections.

SLURRY APPLICATIONS AND ABRASION RESISTANCE

PARSETHYLENE KISH pipe has an extremely high resistance to abrasion created by slurries. When compared to traditional materials, PARSETHYLENE KISH pipe has demonstrated superiority over other piping products.
Because of the many variables involved in slurry applications, it is very difficult to establish a definitive table of wear rates for various types of materials. 

VACUUM LOADING

Proper primary backfill, compacted as uniformly and densely as possible, greatly enhances the ability of our products to withstand the additional pressure from external loading. The Vacuum Loading Chart may be used to select the proper DR pipe for the anticipated application. Values given are for water at 73.4° F.

THERMAL EXPANSION

Polyethylene, like other plastics, has a higher thermal coefficient of expansion than metals. When subjected to a temperature change, unrestrained (not buried) polyethylene pipe will experience expansion and contraction.
Forces due to thermal expansion and contraction can be significant. Proper system design should be used to account for the compressive and tension stresses that can be generated.

BENDING RADIUS

The minimum bending radius is based upon the Dimension Ratio (DR) of the pipe. This radius is determined by multiplying the outside diameter of the pipe by the radius factor for the corresponding DR.

When pipe is used in pressure applications, the longitudinal stress created by the sum of the bending radius, internal pressure and other stress loads on the pipe should not exceed the material's design stress rating. Severe but acceptable bends in polyethylene pipelines should be buried or properly restrained.
PRESSURE,TEMPERATURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICE FACTORS
The pressure rating is determined in accordance with the Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI) recommended Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB) for the material, and the physical dimensions of the pipe. Pressure design calculations are based upon the "ISO" equation, which relates the stress on the pipe to the internal pressure.
Use of additional factors will provide a more defined performance characteristic for systems with higher operating temperatures, shorter operational time and system fluid other than water.

PRESSURE SURGES

Per AWWA C906, a system operating below the pressure class rating is capable of handling a surge capacity in accordance with the following: (1) Recurring surges - the surge allowance is 50% of the working pressure rating, and (2) Occasional surges - 100% of the working pressure rating.

MATERIALS

PARSETHYLENE KISH industrial pipe and fittings are manufactured from extra high molecular weight material that is classified under ASTM D3350 as 345464C or E. This cell classification system includes typical values for density, melt index, flexural modulus, tensile strength at yield, slow crack growth resistance, HDB at 73°F (23°C) and color and UV stabilizer.